Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis), image: Wikisky Calçada. This is every star brighter than magnitude 3.55. ESO/L. The Bayer Classification was created by Johann Bayer in 1603. It marks the upper left-hand corner of the ancient hunter figure. Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star, also known as Alpha Orionis. For example, the brightest stars in Orion are α Orionis and β Orionis, and the dimmer ones include stars with middling Bayer letters, such as μ Orionis. The star, also called Alpha Orionis, has variable brightness, meaning that its brightness rises and falls regularly. It is high overhead during the winter months in the constellation Orion. Betelgeuse marks Orion's shoulder. Almost every person has seen the orange star, which shines as one of the brightest in the nighttime sky. Betelgeuse's Alternative Names. The Brightest Stars. Although lettered alpha (α) Orionis, Betelgeuse is usually fainter than Rigel (β Orionis - mag. It’s not really possible to compare the brightness of stars between constellations using their Bayer letters, because the system relates to the relative brightness of stars within a constellation. The total brightness of the component stars is magnitude 3.80. The star currently hovers around magnitude +0.42. But the current drop in brightness is special because it is the largest drop in all known records. The last time alpha Ori was this faint occurred about 4-4.5 yr ago. It truly is a giant, as its radius is about 900 times that of our Sun. Betelgeuse, is classified as a red supergiant star, located in the constellation Orion, the Hunter. Alpha Orionis (Alf Ori) is the Bayer Classification for the star. The brightness changes are related to pulsations in its outer layers. Sigma Orionis or Sigma Ori (σ Orionis, σ Ori) is a multiple star system in the constellation Orion, consisting of the brightest members of a young open cluster.It is found at the eastern end of the belt, south west of Alnitak and west of the Horsehead Nebula which it partially illuminates. +0.13) and is therefore the constellations second brightest star. Position of Betelgeuse in the constellation of Orion. Variable Star Of The Month December, 2000: Alpha Orionis (Betelgeuse) Atmosphere of Betelgeuse - Alpha Orionis Hubble Space Telescope - Faint Object Camera January 15, 1996; A. Dupree (CfA), NASA, ESA ... At minimum brightness, as in 1927 and 1941, the magnitude may drop below 1.2. In the corner of the constellation of Orion sits one of the brightest stars in the sky — Alpha Orionis, aka Betelgeuse. It’s not really possible to compare the brightness of stars between constellations using their Bayer letters, because the system relates to the relative brightness of stars within a constellation. The brightest star in the constellation is normally given the Alpha designation, there are exceptions such as Pollux which is Beta Geminorum. It has an estimated radius about 887 to 955 times that of the Sun and is one of the largest stars that can be seen without binoculars. Rigel A is classified as an Alpha Cygni variable, which means that, like Deneb (Alpha Cygni), it exhibits small variations in brightness as a result of non-radial pulsations, with some parts of its surface contracting while others simultaneously expand. This is a list of the 300 brightest stars made using data from the Hipparcos catalogue. E. Guinan, B. Deeney, and K. Miller report: "Photoelectric photometry being carried out at Villanova University Observatory shows that alpha Ori is undergoing a rapid decrease in brightness. Sir John Herschel, in 1836, was the first person to record brightness variations and on two occasions, in October 1837 and November 1839, he … Betelgeuse lies at an approximate distance between 640 and 724 light years from Earth. Betelgeuse is a variable star and, as its brightness changes, the star has been known to outshine the constellation’s brightest star, the blue supergiant Rigel, Beta Orionis. Guide to Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis) A bright variable star that shows slow changes over the course of several years.

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