The Mars 2 and 3 orbiters sent back a large volume of data covering the period from December 1971 to March 1972, although transmissions continued through August. The spacecraft launched on Nov. 28, 1964, and was the first to fly by Mars on July 14, 1965. Mariner 9 arrived at Mars on November 3, 1971 and was placed into orbit on November 24. In 1971, Mariner 9 arrived at Mars and became the first probe to orbit, or circle, another planet. The Venera 7 probe was the first spacecraft to successfully soft land on another planet (Venus) and to transmit data from there back to Earth. Mariner 9. Both were designed to be the first Mars orbiters, marking a transition in our exploration of the red planet from flying by the planet to spending time in orbit around it. The first successful objects to land on the surface of Mars were two Soviet probes, Mars 2 and Mars 3 from the Mars probe program, launched in 1971, but both lost contact within seconds of landing.
It sent 21 photos of the Red Planet back to Earth. At the time of its arrival a huge dust storm was in progress on the planet. A different probe, called Mariner 4, was the first probe to snap a picture of a planet. First Black Hole Candidate. Upon its arrival at Mars on November 13, 1971, Mariner 9 became the first space probe to maintain orbit around another planet. It alsomade the first detection of water vapor on Mars, over the planet's south pole.The spacecraft remained in operation in its orbit until contact was lost onOct. 1971: American probe orbits Mars The American space probe, Mariner 9, has become the first spacecraft to orbit another planet, swinging into its planned trajectory around Mars without a hitch. American space probe Mariner 9 is launched May 30, 1971. Six months later it arrives at the planet Mars and becomes the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. Mariner 8. Mariner 8 and 9 were the third and final pair of Mars missions in NASA's Mariner series of the 1960s and early 1970s. Many of the scientific experiments were delayed until the storm had subsided. Mariner 8 & 9, sometimes known as "Mariner Mars 71", were intended to become the first spacecraft to enter orbit around the planet Mars. 27, 1972. This was the first US spacecraft to enter an orbit around a planet other than Earth.
In 1971 the Soviet space program scored a major success by putting the first spacecraft into Martian orbit and even touching a lander vehicle down on its surface. It was announced that Mars 2 and 3 had completed their missions by 22 August 1972, after 362 orbits completed by Mars 2 and 20 orbits by Mars 3. On July 14, 1965, Mariner 4 flew past Mars. Mariner 8 (Mariner H) was launched on 8 May 1971. Unfortunately, Mariner 8 failed during launch on May 8, 1971. Its images of Mars showed a cold, cratered, moon-like surface. Over the next year, it maps 100 percent of the Martian surface. Mariner 4 was the first spacecraft to fly by Mars, and the first to return close-up images of the Red Planet. An engine burn at 2337 GMT put the craft into an elliptical orbit around the Red Planet set to take it within 800 miles (1,290 km) of the surface. Each spacecraft was launched on an Atlas-Centaur SLV-3C rocket (right).
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